Free medicine and general formation. Activity of trade unions

In process of strengthening of the Soviet power, radical reforms of education systems and health services are carried out. Both that and another becomes free and popular. However in practice at receipt in educational institutions (including the higher) considerable advantages were given to persons of a Workers' and Peasants' origin. At the same time "lishentsy" (the persons deprived of the suffrage under the Constitution of 1918) whom in Leningrad was much, were restrained not only in the right to formation reception, but also and to medical aid.
In Leningrad the medicine worries in 1920-1930 unknown lifting. From fundamental scientific disciplines independent branches, for studying and which development separate institutes are created are allocated. The first profile medical institutions specialising on certain branch of medicine, and also engaged in treatment of this or that type of diseases will be organised. So, 01.03.24 in the house № 46 under the Neva prospectus 1st City stomatologic polyclinic is opened; 07.01.25 on the Vyborg party in a building of children's City hospital the Leningrad institute of protection of motherhood and infancy (nowadays Pediatric medical institute) is opened; in 1926 it is based nejrohirurgichesky institute (in a building of the Former Aleksandrovsky female hospital - on Mayakovsky's street, 12); in June, 1927 in Kshesinsky M.Gorkogo's private residence on the prospectus (Kronverksky) the polyclinic for suffering illnesses ZHKT (before Petrosovet here took places) has opened; 06.11.27 in Leningrad the factory of the electromedical equipment "Petrel" is opened (nowadays it NPO "Petrel"), in a year on it will be let out the first domestic x-ray device; 01.02.1932 on the basis of first aid station the scientifically-practical institute of first aid (later of I.I.Dzhanelidze) is opened.
Cardinally role and value of trade unions which of shop associations and the bodies of struggle protecting interests of hired workers in mutual relations with employers, turn to effective appendages of the expanded party device of the country change. Having become to the middle 1930 tool of ideological propagation, trade unions actively interfere with activity of the enterprises which have generated them in due time, establishments, the organisations. In the trade-union press there are articles branding political apathy of the majority of science officers, defining it not differently, as "wrecking on scientific front". In particular, among examples of such "wrecking" elections of 1928 in Academy of sciences of the USSR, performance of academician S.A.Zheljabova with the scientific article in the emigrant collection, etc. are mentioned (In 1934 the Academy of sciences has moved to Moscow. The institutes which have remained in Leningrad have been united in local branch AN of the USSR).
Unprecedented intervention of party and trade-union bodies in a life of the Leningrad university, begun since 1930, was expressed in arrests of visible scientists: E.V.Tarle, F.I.Krishtofovicha, S.F.Platonova, etc., accused of anti-Soviet activity. And 02.02.1930 instead of an elective office of the rector by supervising person of University the party figure J.N.Nikich who did not have to this educational institution any relation has been appointed.

Practically in all Leningrad high schools and scientific research institute under the direction of bodies GPU-NKVD work on finding-out of "political moods" was spent. By its results professory and the teachers who were not dividing communistic belief, left. The similar approach opened a way to a science and promoted advancement of careerists, businessmen which, using Marxist phraseology, pursued the uzkokorystnye the purposes.
Reprisals in relation to the Leningrad professorate, etc. science officers were carried out with active assistance of local trade unions, in particular the Leningrad section of the Union of science officers (SNR) which actively co-operated with retaliatory bodies.