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The Troitsky bridge
The Troitsky bridge connecting the centre of Petersburg and the Petrograd party, is located in immediate proximity from the Peter and Paul Fortress, and by right it is considered one of the most most beautiful bridges of a city. On Petrovsky quay, at once behind the Troitsk bridge, the big Troitsk area on which prior to the beginning of 19 centuries the St.-Petersburg seaport settled down opens. If to look further on a bridge axis leaves, crossing two islands (Pharmaceutical and Petrograd (City)), one of Peter's the cosiest prospectuses - Kamennoostrovsky. Almost at once, after the city basis, grounds round the Troitsk area have started to be built up with Peter I confidants. In due course the first rich houses, and here, on this area here have started to appear, the first city drugstore has been organised, the grammar school first in Russia is built. Also initial buildings of the Synod and the Senate, the first city market, the first Gostini dvor and 12 Petrovsky boards (ministries) here settled down.
It is symbolical that bridge birthday coincides happy birthday St.-Petersburg, but with a two hundred year's difference. The predecessor of the Troitsk bridge was naplavnoj (plashkoutnyj) the bridge which has ceased to meet in due course all requirements of a modern city life. Necessity of the new, reliable bridge, became obvious in the middle of 19 centuries, but only by the end of century, in 1890, the decision on its building, and after the lapse of even two years was accepted, competition on the best project of the future construction has been declared.
In competition from every corner of the globe, after all bridge building the most known engineers and architects have taken part in capital of the Russian empire, business was uneasy and not ordinary. The first award, the size in 6000 imperial roubles that for those times was the sum not small, has received the project of French engineer A.G.Ejfelja, the author of world famous Tour d'Eiffel which has been erected for two years before. Probably that in Petersburg there would be Ejfelev the bridge, however the French firm "Batinol" which has offered the out-of-competition project of the bridge, more economic and graceful has interfered with business also. In this project use of konsolno-arch system of a design that allowed to reduce much more weight of river foundations was provided and to facilitate metal bridge structures. By the way, advantages of konsolno-arch system, and also its exact calculations, have been revealed by Russian engineer G.S.Semikolennovym in 1971. However, the invention not patented in time, has allowed firm "Batinol" to use and apply it in the practice. In 1896 repeated competition has been held, on purpose to define the definitive winner owing to what, in February, 1897 a municipal duma the decision to prefer firm "Батиньоль" was accepted. At a solemn bookmark of the bridge on August, 12th, 1897 there were high-ranking officials of Russia, Russian emperor Nikolay II and the president of France Felix For who have put on a coin in the bridge basis. Bookmark celebrating passed at a monument to Suvorov where tribunes for official visitors and public, together with a tent of the emperor have been located. It is necessary to notice that with building of the Troitsk bridge the major political step towards to France has been taken.
The begun building of the bridge was supervised by the authorised representative of firm "Batinol" in St.-Petersburg Jean Lando (it Ivan Avgustovich Landau) which in 1896 has moved in Peter, together with the family and lived in Gagarinsky street. In May, 1898 the Executive commission of the Municipal duma, called to carry out the control over all process of building of object has been created. By the chairman of the commission lieutenant general A. I.Gluhovsky has been appointed. The Academy of arts of St.-Petersburg has taken the trouble carrying out of art examination of the project.
In process of construction, the earthen dam at the right coast which first wished to keep, was is considered inappropriate in the general landscape of the new steel bridge, and in 1900 Nikolay II had been signed the project of a new, three-flying stone dam, of 80 metres. Engineers V.P.Apyshkov and G.G.Krivoshein became authors of the project. It is a little earlier, in 1899 the decision was accepted to revet granite all right coast, thereby creating new quay and a platform. Bridge decorating were engaged in V.Shabrol and Ren Avgust Patuijar which have received an award of the Honourable legion for the talented work.
Solemn opening of the bridge has occurred on May, 27th, 1903, just in days of celebrating of the 200 anniversary of St.-Petersburg. Really, in day of the birth, a city has received a remarkable gift – the new crossing named newspapers by the Parisian or French beauty. Celebratory event it, has been noted, as well as it is necessary solemn cannon salute, and not less solemn religious procession.
Emperor Nikolay II has carried out the first tozhestvennuju distributing of the built bridge. To make it, Nikolay II could by means of the electric button which has put in action powerful electromotors razvodnogo flight. By the way, razvodnaja the bridge part, before its reconstruction, was very heavy, and rotary. The flying structure at distributing rotated on a vertical axis in a horizontal plane on a driving circle on rollers, and opened two navigable passes, width of all on 23 metres. In due course the bridge was necessary to subject reconstruction as the increased load-carrying capacity of courts and their sizes, began to disturb to their free passage across Neva. Reconstruction has concerned only razvodnoj to a bridge part whereas its art registration has been kept in an initial kind. For today, after replacement in 1967 dvukrylogo razvodnogo flight on odnokrylyj, the Troitsk bridge began to possess the elevating part which flight is equal approximately 100 metres. The bridge total length reaches 582 metres, width - 24 metres. It is decorated by fine lanterns of the facilitated form, protected by graceful lattices in a modernist style and revetted by a granite. The general silhouette of the bridge differs correct proportions and architectural simplicity.
In poslerevoljutsionnyj the period the bridge has been renamed from Troitsk Equality into the bridge, and in December 1934, after murder S.M. Kirov, began to be called as Kirov. The dvuhglavye eagles decorating tops of obelisks, have been replaced with five-pointed stars. Original memorial plates with texts about a bookmark of the bridge and with names of its authors and the builders, located on obelisks, have been removed in 1950th years. Instead of them have appeared new, speaking about renaming of the bridge into memory about With. M.Kirove. So, up to reorganisation, the bridge has existed with these a name. Then, diligence of early democrats of the Yeltsin period, in 1991 to the bridge had been returned its historical name, and it became again Troitsk, and in 1994 on obelisks original boards have returned also.
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